Modern English bible translators seems to confuse the two terms with each other, for example:

Do you say of him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? -- John 10:36 (NKJV)

Do you say of him whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? -- John 10:36 (ESV)

The Cambridge Dictionary definition of "sanctification" is:

the act of making something or someone holy

• The holy water was used for purification and sanctification

The Cambridge Dictionary definition of "consecration" is:

the act or process of officially making something holy and able to be used for religious ceremonies

• A large congregation gathered for the consecration of the church
• the consecration of bread and wine by the priest or minister

So what is the difference?

According to the dictionary, it seems like:

• Consecration emphasizes the initial act of dedicating something to be holy
• Sanctification focuses on the ongoing process making something holy

But from the bible's perspective these definitions does not make sense and was possibly not what the original authors intended, because these terms are often used together as if it were two distinct concepts:

You shall anoint them, consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister to Me as priests. -- Exodus 28:41 (NKJV)

and

They shall eat those things with which the atonement was made, to consecrate and to sanctify them; but an outsider shall not eat them, because they are holy. And if any of the flesh of the consecration offerings, or of the bread, remains until the morning, then you shall burn the remainder with fire. It shall not be eaten, because it is holy.

“Thus you shall do to Aaron and his sons, according to all that I have commanded you. Seven days you shall consecrate them. And you shall offer a bull every day as a sin offering for atonement. You shall cleanse the altar when you make atonement for it, and you shall anoint it to sanctify it. Seven days you shall make atonement for the altar and sanctify it. And the altar shall be most holy. Whatever touches the altar must be holy.

-- Exodus 29:33-37 (NKJV)

and

Then on the eighth day he shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of meeting; and the priest shall offer one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering, and make atonement for him, because he sinned in regard to the corpse; and he shall sanctify his head that same day. He shall consecrate to the LORD the days of his separation, and bring a male lamb in its first year as a trespass offering; but the former days shall be lost, because his separation was defiled.

-- Numbers 6:10-12 (NKJV)

and

Blow the trumpet in Zion,
Consecrate a fast,
Call a sacred assembly;
Gather the people,
Sanctify the congregation

-- Joel 2:15-16 (NKJV)

Consecrate

According to the Hebrew Strong's Concordance, the word translated as "consecrate" in Exodus 28:41 is:

The same Hebrew word is also used:

• to completely "populate":

And God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.” -- Genesis 1:22 (NKJV)

Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it -- Genesis 1:28 (NKJV)

But the children of Israel were fruitful and increased abundantly, multiplied and grew exceedingly mighty; and the land was filled with them. -- Exodus 1:7 (NKJV)

• to completely "think":

And they came and drew water, and they filled the troughs to water their father’s flock. -- Exodus 2:16 (NKJV)

• to completely "contaminate":

The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. So God looked upon the earth, and indeed it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way on the earth. And God said to Noah, “The end of all flesh has come before Me, for the earth is filled with violence through them; and behold, I will destroy them with the earth. -- Genesis 6:11-13 (NKJV)

The houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground on which they stand. -- Exodus 8:21 (NKJV)

• to be completely "satisfied":

The enemy said,

‘I will pursue,
I will overtake,
I will divide the spoil;
My desire shall be satisfied on them.
I will draw my sword,
My hand shall destroy them.’

-- Exodus 15:9 (NKJV)

• to complete a period of time:

Seven days were fulfilled, after that the LORD had smitten the river. -- Exodus 7:25 (KJV)

I will fulfill the number of your days. -- Exodus 23:26 (NKJV)

From these few examples it seems like "consecrate" means to complete something.

This changes the meaning of

However, sometimes a different Hebrew word "qadash" is also translated as "consecrate". Unlike "male", "qadash" does not mean "filled", for example:

Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, “Consecrate to Me all the firstborn, whatever opens the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and beast; it is Mine.” -- Exodus 13:1-2 (NKJV)

According to the Hebrew Strong's Concordance, the word translated as "sanctify" in Exodus 28:41 is:

According to Living Word in 3D:

According to Bible Study Tools:

• to set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate
• to observe as holy, keep sacred
• to honour as sacred, hallow
• to consecrate

For example:

Also let the priests who come near the LORD consecrate themselves, lest the LORD break out against them.”
But Moses said to the LORD, “The people cannot come up to Mount Sinai; for You warned us, saying, Set bounds around the mountain and consecrate it.’ ”

-- Exodus 19:22-23 (NKJV)

and

You shall consecrate them, that they may be most holy; whatever touches them must be holy. And you shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister to Me as priests. -- Exodus 30:29-30 (NKJV)

and

You shall anoint the altar of the burnt offering and all its utensils, and consecrate the altar. The altar shall be most holy. And you shall anoint the laver and its base, and consecrate it. -- Exodus 40:10-11 (NKJV)

and

He sprinkled some of it on the altar seven times, anointed the altar and all its utensils, and the laver and its base, to consecrate them. And he poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron’s head and anointed him, to consecrate him. -- Leviticus 8:11-12 (NKJV)

And, according to the Hebrew Strong's Concordance, the Hebrew word "nezer" is also translated as "consecration":

To add to the confusion, "qadash" is also sometimes translated as "sanctified", for example:

Therefore you shall consecrate [qadash] him, for he offers the bread of your God. He shall be holy to you, for I the LORD, Who sanctify [qadash] you, am holy.

The daughter of any priest, if she profanes herself by playing the harlot, she profanes her father. She shall be burned with fire.

‘He who is the high priest among his brethren, on whose head the anointing oil was poured and who is consecrated [male] to wear the garments, shall not uncover his head nor tear his clothes; nor shall he go near any dead body, nor defile himself for his father or his mother; nor shall he go out of the sanctuary [miqqedash], nor profane the sanctuary [miqqedash] of his God; for the consecration [nezer] of the anointing oil of his God is upon him: I am the LORD. And he shall take a wife in her virginity. A widow or a divorced woman or a defiled woman or a harlot — these he shall not marry; but he shall take a virgin of his own people as wife. Nor shall he profane his posterity among his people, for I the LORD sanctify [qadash] him.’ ”

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to Aaron, saying: ‘No man of your descendants in succeeding generations, who has any defect, may approach to offer the bread of his God. For any man who has a defect shall not approach: a man blind or lame, who has a marred face or any limb too long, a man who has a broken foot or broken hand, or is a hunchback or a dwarf, or a man who has a defect in his eye, or eczema or scab, or is a eunuch. No man of the descendants of Aaron the priest, who has a defect, shall come near to offer the offerings made by fire to the LORD. He has a defect; he shall not come near to offer the bread of his God. He may eat the bread of his God, both the most holy [qodesh qodesh] and the holy [qodesh]; only he shall not go near the veil or approach the altar, because he has a defect, lest he profane My sanctuaries [miqqedash]; for I the LORD sanctify [qadash] them.’”

-- Leviticus 21:8-23 (NKJV)

As well as the Hebrew word "charam", according to the Hebrew Strong's Concordance:

For example:

“Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion;
For I will make your horn iron,
And I will make your hooves bronze;
You shall beat in pieces many peoples;
I will consecrate [charam] their gain to the LORD,
And their substance to the Lord of the whole earth.”

-- Micah 4:13 (NKJV)

My conclusion is that depending on the context, the "consecrate" could mean:

• to complete something
• to set apart something for God
• to be honoured
• to devote something to God

Sanctified

The English word "sanctified" is also translated from the Hebrew word "qadash".

They shall therefore keep My ordinance, lest they bear sin for it and die thereby, if they profane it: I the LORD sanctify [qadash] them. No outsider shall eat the holy offering; one who dwells with the priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat the holy thing. But if the priest buys a person with his money, he may eat it; and one who is born in his house may eat his food. If the priest’s daughter is married to an outsider, she may not eat of the holy offerings. But if the priest’s daughter is a widow or divorced, and has no child, and has returned to her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food; but no outsider shall eat it.

‘And if a man eats the holy offering unintentionally, then he shall restore a holy offering to the priest, and add one-fifth to it. They shall not profane the holy offerings of the children of Israel, which they offer to the LORD, or allow them to bear the guilt of trespass when they eat their holy offerings; for I the LORD sanctify [qadash] them.’ ”

-- Leviticus 22:9-16 (NKJV)

and

All the firstborn males that come from your herd and your flock you shall sanctify [qadash] to the LORD your God -- Deuteronomy 15:19 (NKJV)

and

And Joshua said to the people, “Sanctify [qadash] yourselves, for tomorrow the LORD will do wonders among you.” -- Joshua 3:5 (NKJV)

and

Get up, sanctify [qadash] the people, and say, Sanctify [qadash] yourselves for tomorrow, because thus says the LORD God of Israel: “There is an accursed thing in your midst, O Israel; you cannot stand before your enemies until you take away the accursed thing from among you.” -- Joshua 7:13 (NKJV)

and

And he said, “Peaceably; I have come to sacrifice to the LORD. Sanctify [qadash] yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice.” Then he consecrated [qadash] Jesse and his sons, and invited them to the sacrifice. -- 1 Samuel 16:5 (NKJV)

According to the Greek Strong's Concordance:

The HELPS Word-studies also indicate that it could mean to "dedicate" or to "separate" which implies the object was not previously dedicated or seperated.

For example:

Sanctify them by Your truth. Your word is truth. As You sent me into the world, I also have sent them into the world. And for their sakes I sanctify myself, that they also may be sanctified by the truth. -- John 17:17-19 (NKJV)

Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave himself for her, that he might sanctify and cleanse her with the washing of water by the word, that he might present her to himself a glorious church, not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing, but that she should be holy and without blemish. -- Ephesians 5:25-27 (NKJV)

But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear; having a good conscience, that when they defame you as evildoers, those who revile your good conduct in Christ may be ashamed. -- 1 Peter 3:15-16 (NKJV)

Conclusion